What can be a long-term effect of alcohol abuse?

Chronic health issues are a well-documented long-term effect of alcohol abuse. Regular and excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to a range of physical health problems, including liver disease, cardiovascular issues, and gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, alcohol abuse can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of developing certain cancers. Additionally, long-term alcohol use can result in mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, further contributing to overall chronic health concerns.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately reflect the consequences of alcohol abuse. Enhanced memory and improved athletic performance are not outcomes associated with long-term alcohol consumption; in fact, alcohol is known to impair cognitive functions and physical performance. Similarly, better sleep patterns are typically disrupted by alcohol use, leading to poor sleep quality instead. Therefore, chronic health issues are the clearest and most significant long-term impacts of alcohol abuse.